When it comes to trade agreements, the United States has been a key player in numerous organizations. However, there are a few trade agreements that do not include the United States.
1. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
The CPTPP was originally the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and included the United States. However, in January 2017, President Trump officially withdrew the United States from the agreement. The remaining 11 countries, including Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, continued with negotiations and signed the CPTPP in March 2018.
The CPTPP aims to reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers between its member countries, and has provisions for labor rights, environmental protection, and intellectual property rights.
2. European Union-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)
The EU-Japan EPA is a trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and Japan that was signed in July 2018 and came into effect in February 2019. The agreement aims to eliminate or reduce tariffs on a wide range of products and services, including cars and agricultural products.
The agreement also includes provisions for labor rights, environmental protection, and intellectual property rights. The EU-Japan EPA is the largest trade agreement ever signed by the EU, covering a market of 600 million people and about one-third of the world`s GDP.
3. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
The RCEP is a proposed free trade agreement between 16 countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. Negotiations for the RCEP began in 2012, and the agreement is expected to be signed in 2020.
The RCEP aims to reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers between its member countries, and has provisions for intellectual property rights, e-commerce, and investment. The United States was never a part of the RCEP negotiations.
In conclusion, while the United States has been a key player in many trade agreements, the CPTPP, EU-Japan EPA, and RCEP are three trade agreements that do not include the United States. These agreements aim to reduce barriers to trade and promote economic growth and cooperation between their member countries.